THE BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER IN HALLS OF RESIDENCE IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
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INTRODUCTION
Water is essential and inextricably linked to life; without water, there is no life. This is why water must be given the proper care at all times. Good drinking water is not a luxury; it is one of life's most basic necessities. As a result, numerous individuals, groups, governmental institutions, and private companies have focused their emphasis on providing clean drinking water to everybody.
Saravanan & Peter (2019) assert that drinking water devoid of harmful organisms is critical to disrupting one of the primary infectious disease transmission channels. This fact has driven global investment in the development of water systems designed to fulfil high water quality requirements. Banwo (2016) opined that Waterborne pathogens, which include a wide range of viral, bacterial, algal, and protozoan agents, are responsible for a large portion of the estimated 4 billion cases and 2.5 million deaths from endemic diarrheal illness each year.
Welch & David (2017) increased human population has put huge strain on the availability of clean drinking water, particularly in developing nations. Unsafe water is a global public health problem, putting people at risk of a variety of diseases, including diarrhoea and chemical poisoning (Hughes et al. 2005). In the underdeveloped countries, unsanitary water has an especially devastating impact on young children. Every year, more than 2 million people, predominantly children under the age of five, die from diarrheal illness (Kosek et al. 2003; Parashar et al. 2003).
Nearly 90% of diarrheal fatalities have been ascribed to unsafe or insufficient water sources and sanitation conditions that afflict a substantial portion of the world's population (Hughes et al. 2005; WHO 2004). An estimated 2.6 billion people do not have appropriate sanitation (Okonko et al. 2008).
Benin City's University of Benin includes five primary housing halls (halls 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). The school also has many staff quarters, including Junior Staff Quarter, Senior Staff Quarter, Dentistry Quarter, and Doctor's Quarter. The water supply for these venues is provided by borehole water stored in above tanks. Most large metropolitan communities are increasingly concerned about environmental contamination caused by hazardous metals. Toxic heavy metals entering the environment may cause geo-accumulation, bioaccumulation, and bio-magnification. Heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, and other trace elements are essential for the correct functioning of biological systems, and their lack or excess can cause a variety of problems (Ward, 1995).
Heavy metal contamination in food chains has become a hot topic in recent years due to their potential buildup in bio-systems via polluted water, soil, and air. As a result, a better knowledge of heavy metal sources, accumulation in soil, and the influence of their presence in water and soil on plant systems appear to be particularly critical concerns in current risk assessment research (Rajesh et al., 2004). Heavy metals are mostly found in vegetable crops' growth medium (soil, air, and nutrient solutions), where they are absorbed by the roots or leaves (Ward, 1995). The majority of our water supplies are gradually being contaminated as a result of the addition of foreign contaminants from the environment. Organic debris of plant and animal origin, land surface washing, and industrial and sewage effluents are examples (Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, 2002). Rapid urbanisation and industrialization, along with poor environmental planning, can result in the discharge of industrial and sewage effluents into lakes. Because the lakes lack self-cleaning capabilities and hence rapidly accumulate contaminants, they have a complex and delicate ecology.
Bellandur Lake, the biggest in Bangalore's urban region, has recently received a lot of public attention owing to the production of froth during the rainy season as a result of chemicals (soaps, detergents, and so on) and biosurfactants. For several decades, treated, partially treated, and untreated wastewater has been released into this lake, and the lake water has been used for agricultural reasons (Pruss et al., 2002). Individual rural homes are frequently responsible for supplying and safeguarding their own water supplies. There are no "shortcuts" when it comes to the safety of these sources. Protecting the quality of particular water sources requires a mix of land use control surrounding the supplies and the application of adequate water treatment techniques when applicable. Homeowners in rural areas must take responsibility for safeguarding their family from polluted drinking water. A variety of organisations can provide assistance in this area (Ward, 1995).
Local health officials can provide answers to inquiries about applicable local rules, the health risks caused by polluted water, and suggested techniques for collecting and evaluating drinking water for pollutants. Local health officials may examine people' water samples for common contaminants at no cost or for a minimal fee in some situations. Complete well water analysis is the responsibility of the homeowner and is not free. State regulatory authorities in charge of water resource management can provide answers to issues about water use. They generally include information on the availability and appropriateness of water sources around the state. Dam safety standards are often administered by such bodies (Ward, 1995).
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